Add ubuntu 23.04 image
Summary
This MR adds an ubuntu-23.04 docker image with recent compilers. Due to current limitations of the runners, it cannot be build with the full set of packages, but only a minimal set. In later MRs this can be extended by libraries we need and want to test.
There are 4 toolchains added:
- Clang 16, -std=c++20
- Clang 16, -std=c++23
- GCC 13, -std=c++20
- GCC 13, -std=c++23
Edited by Simon Praetorius