Update compiler toolchains

In alignment with core/ci-config!25 (merged) this MR updates the compiler toolchains after the 2.10 release. Tested are minimal compiler versions and most recent compiler versions

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• 0d8a55b7 - Move clang-13-libxx to debian:11

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• 6272c30d - Deactivate python for libc++ toolchains

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• 969c1bf3 - Remove libc++ toolchains

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• ab454fef - Activate libcxx for clang

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• 57573c84 - Deactivate dune-pdelab and dune-fem for now

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• ccf29363 - Activate all toolchains for all modules

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• 822cd51d - Deactive libc++ toolchains for dune-pdelab and dune-fem

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• b8d0a581 - replace gcc-14-23 by gcc-13-20 and remove most recent clang-18 toolchain

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mentioned in commit cefd7f9b

merged